If you disagree with what I have presented in my book, Maitland's Racist Garden Gnome, then how should you address my supposed error?
1. The most important thing is that you must read my book first. You can't validly criticise a book without reading it. When writing my book, I read all the ahistorical nonsense from history fans in order to critique their nonsense.
2. Choose the best way to critique rather than the worst way. Refute the central point.
The following is from Paul Graham’s disagreement hierarchy (Paul Graham, How To Disagree, March 2008) which I have broken up with my own comments between points. This is an excerpt from my book.
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The worst ways to respond.
DH0. Name-calling.
This is used by your average social media troll. They don’t address the topic, they just insult the writer.
DH1. Ad Hominem.
This is a logical fallacy where one attacks the supposed character, motive, or personal trait of the author rather than addressing the argument.
DH2. Responding to Tone.
This is a response to the manner in which the writer has presented the argument. What the writer writes is far more important than how the writer writes. Responding to the author’s tone does nothing to address the argument.
DH3. Contradiction.
You disagree? So what? Stating an opposition to the argument, with little or no supporting evidence, is not properly addressing the argument.
DH4. Counterargument.
Although counterarguments sometimes contain useful points they often contain straw man fallacies. In this error of reasoning, the original argument that the author stated is replaced by a different argument that is easier to attack. It is a misrepresentation of the original argument and thus does not address the original argument, only a false representation of that argument. Make sure you understand what was originally stated by the author.
The better ways to respond.
DH5. Refutation.
This involves time and effort. You quote the source and explain why it is wrong. This may involve quoting experts in the field of study. The best expert is a person with a PhD in the exact subject area. A history fan is not an expert. This response, however, is not definitive as experts may disagree. Quoting an expert out of context is an error of reasoning called cherry picking. One should quote an expert in the context of their entire text.
DH6. Refuting the Central Point.
This is the best way to respond but it involves time and effort. One needs to understand, and correctly describe, the central point in order to refute it. A secondary or tertiary point is not the central primary point.





